RRI Review of Forest Tenure Legislation

With increased attention to forest conservation, especially in the context of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+), issues of tenure insecurity of Indigenous Peoples in forest areas are increasingly recognised. Despite this attention, there has been little comprehensive information on legislation and policy to address these challenges. To address this gap, the Rights and Resources Initiative has produced a review of national legislation related to Indigenous Peoples’ forest tenure rights in 27 nations. The countries reviewed are home to 2.2 billion rural people and include as much as 75% of the developing world’s forest cover. 

The review reveals that there has been a dramatic increase in legislation that recognises rights since 1992, as well as a significant increase in the amount of land owned or controlled by Indigenous Peoples and local communities. Unfortunately, these advances have failed to reach the majority of forest communities, especially in Africa. The review also finds that there is a significant gap between formal legislation and actual implementation. 

Download the full report here. Read the Rights and Resources Initiative’s introduction to the research here.

Kukula Healers on German Prime Time News

Natural Justice partners and members of the African Biocultural Community Protocol Initiative Kukula Traditional Health Practitioners Association of Bushbuckridge, South Africa, were recently featured on ARD, Germany's largest public television broadcaster. Kukula’s chairperson was interviewed by reporters from the prime time Tagesthemen news programme. He shared how traditional healers in South Africa hold a wealth of traditional knowledge and are organising themselves to prevent the illegal use of their knowledge. They will share their knowledge, but only under the right conditions with meaningful access and benefit sharing. 

The interview can be found here and runs from 25:33-28:21.

FPIC and REDD in the DRC

Gino Cocchiaro of Natural Justice took part in meetings on free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) hosted by The Forest Dialogue and Forest Peoples Programme from 21-25 May. The meeting consisted of a visit to Luki Biosphere Reserve in the far west of the country to meet with members of the communities of Kiobo and Kifulu who will likely be involved in REDD projects. Participants also dialogued with members of the Ministry of Environment and representatives of industry, civil society and indigenous and local communities. During the dialogue representatives were able to make recommendations and collaboratively plan the implementation of FPIC in REDD to ensure the participation of forest communities in the country’s projects. 

Holding the second largest rainforest in the world after the Amazon, 58% of DRC is covered by tropical rainforest. However, it is expected that deforestation will increase substantially to support DRC’s growing infrastructure, farming and mining developments. REDD has now become a major strategic issue in the country with approximately 500 million USD expected to flow into the country. Only a small amount of this amount has been dedicated towards consultation and participation of communities living in and utilizing the forests.

The Forest Dialogue's background paper on FPIC and REDD+ in the DRC can be downloaded here.

Workshop on BCPs, UNDRIP and MEAs

On 24 May during the 13th Congress of the International Society of Ethnobiology (ISE), Holly Shrumm and Harry Jonas (Natural Justice) contributed to a full-day workshop on biocultural community protocols (BCPs), the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and multilateral environmental agreements. The workshop was hosted by the ISE Global Coalition for Biocultural Diversity as part of the Congress' Indigenous Forum. Organized by the Global Coalition's Co-Chairs, Alejandro Argumedo (Asociación ANDES) and Krystyna Swiderska (International Institute for Environment and Development, IIED), the day included a range of speakers, including: Viviana Figueres (Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity), Pierre du Plessis (Centre for Research-Information-Action for Development in Africa, CRIAA), Maui Solomon (Hokotehi Moriori Trust), Ilse Kohler-Rollefson (League for Pastoral Peoples), and Brendan Tobin (Irish Centre of Human Rights, National University of Ireland, Galway). Natural Justice presented on the community protocols website and toolkit.

The workshop concluded with a discussion among participants, during which there was general consensus that: a) BCPs offer a practical way for communities to articulate their “territoriality” (Argumedo, in conversation), affirm their responsibilities and assert their rights; b) BCPs should be recognized appropriately by a range of actors; c) BCPs should not be considered a panacea; and d) there is a risk that BCPs could become standardized or driven by external parties, thus undermining local processes.

A report of the workshop is available from IIED here. More information about the use of BCPs is explored in a forthcoming issue of IIED's Participatory Learning and Action Journal, entitled "Biodiversity and Culture: Exploring community protocols, rights and consent". Thanks to the Shuttleworth Foundation for their support to attend the Congress.

Remembering Darrell Posey: Traditional Resource Rights Today

Darrell Posey with Kayapo children in the late 1970s

(Courtesy: University of Oxford)

On 21 May in Montpellier, France, Holly Shrumm and Harry Jonas (Natural Justice) hosted a session at the 13th Congress of the International Society of Ethnobiology entitled “Remembering Darrell Posey: Traditional Resource Rights Today”. Posey helped organize the World Conference of Indigenous Peoples on Territory, Environment and Development in parallel to the UN Conference on Environment and Development in 1992, making the 20th anniversary of that meeting an opportune moment to reconsider the issues. Posey then went on to develop traditional resource rights, which he described as an integrated rights concept that recognizes the “inextricable link between cultural and biological diversity and sees no contradiction between the human rights of Indigenous and local communities, including the right to development and environmental conservation".

Part I of the session included the following speakers: Alejandro Argumedo (Asociación ANDES and Co-chair of the ISE Global Coalition on Biocultural Diversity), Juliana Ferraz da Rocha Santilli (Ministério Público do Distrito Federal), Vincenzo Lauriola (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazonia), and Ana Luiza Assis (Federal University of Catarina Brazil). During the first session, the following people also spoke about Darrell Posey: David Stephenson (ISE President), Maui Solomon (Hokotehi Moriori Trust, New Zealand), Christine Kabuye (Makerere University, Uganda), and Kelly Bannister (University of Victoria, Canada).

Part II of the session brought together the presenters and a number of Darrell Posey Fellows to discuss the paradox presented by the contrast between the range of international and national instruments that on the one hand support Indigenous peoples' and local communities' rights to govern their lands and natural resources, and the continued denial of these rights at the local level on the other. The Fellows included: Cheatlom Ang (Cambodia), Amay Mantangkilan Cumatang (Agtulawan, Philippines), Joaquin Carrizosa (Colombia), Daniel Salau Rogei (Maasai, Kenya), Leigh Joseph (Salish Nation, Canada), Gabrielle Legault (Métis, Canada), and Johannes Henricus de Beer (Non-Timber Forest Products Exchange Programme). Thanks to all of the presenters, the Darrell Posey Fellows, Darrell's friends, and Mary Stockdale, Co-Chair of the Darrell Posey Fellowship, for their contributions to the session, and to the Shuttleworth Foundation for their support to attend the Congress.

UEBT Publication on Biocultural Dialogues

The Union for Ethical Biotrade (UEBT) has released a new publication documenting UEBT’s experience with biocultural dialogues in access and benefit sharing. The publication is based on experiences from three case studies in Madagascar, Brazil and Peru where local communities and member companies of UEBT were supported in engaging in biocultural dialogues by Natural Justice, UEBT and GIZ. 

The publication highlights the importance of community reflection in grounding biocultural dialogues. It then articulates how communities, local suppliers, international companies and other actors can be engaged in the dialogues. UEBT is considering how biocultural dialogues can be used by communities and companies engaging in ethical biotrade and is developing a training manual to guide further biocultural dialogues by members. 

The full publication can be downloaded here. A report on the review meeting of the biocultural dialogue partnership between UEBT, Natural Justice and GIZ can be found here.

Workshop for Emerging Ethnobiologists

From 17-20 May, Holly Shrumm and Harry Jonas (Natural Justice) attended the 2nd Workshop for Emerging Ethnobiologists in Gites-de-Briandes, France, which took place ahead of the 13th Congress of the International Society of Ethnobiology. As part of the 3-day workshop, they presented on a number of legal and policy frameworks relevant to ethnobiology and facilitated a group role play that explored the relationships and dynamics between communities and researchers. In the discussion, participants largely agreed that there is a lack of knowledge among researchers about the laws and voluntary codes that regulate research, as well as about appropriate ways to engage communities according to their values, customary laws, and priorities. After the role play, it was felt that community protocols may be one useful method to improve the dialogue and help ensure that research is conducted and used in fair and equitable ways. For more information, please see: www.community-protocols.org.

Thanks to the Shuttleworth Foundation for their support to attend the Congress.

REDD+ Side Event at Bonn Climate Talks

Natural Justice partner the Global Forest Coalition participated in a side event to the Bonn Climate Change Conference in Bonn, Germany, on 17 May, focused on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+). The event, titled “Contradictions in the Bioeconomy: REDD+, bioenergy and alternative biocultural approaches,” included panellists from Biofuelwatch, Econexus, and the Secretariat to the Environment, Paraguay.

African Indigenous Peoples Declaration on Rio +20

Via www.mpido.org

A gathering of indigenous African communities adopted the Declaration of Indigenous Peoples of Africa on Sustainable Development and Rio +20 in Arusha, Tanzania on 19 April 2012. The gathering was convened by Mainyoto Pastoralist Integrated Development Organisation (MPIDO), a Natural Justice partner in the Africa Biocultural Protocol Initiative. 

The declaration focuses on two themes; the green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication and the institutional framework for sustainable development and governance. The declaration emphasises the significant contributions that indigenous peoples in Africa and beyond can contribute to finding sustainable solutions through ‘reflecting traditional knowledge and ways of living.’ 

A summary of the declaration can be found here. The full declaration can be found here.

Seeking ICT Support: May-July, 2012

Natural Justice is seeking a Cape Town-based service provider to support our organisation in maintaining, updating and occasionally developing further Natural Justice’s internet presence. Successful applicants should demonstrate their capacity to achieve the following - 

1. SEO: 

• Previous experience in optimising websites to maximise hits via search engines, especially Google 

2. Update www.naturaljustice.org and www.community-protocols.org efficiently and precisely as requested by Natural Justice. This will require: 

• Previous experience in developing using the Wordpress platform 

• Previous experience with Filezilla 

• Experience developing and maintaining professional websites 

 3. Flexibility: 

• Ability to work irregular hours with different amounts of work required from week to week and month to month. Hours required will likely range from 0-5 hours in a week 

• Willingness to complete Natural Justice tasks quickly and efficiently as need arises 

4. Social media: 

• Experience integrating traditional websites with social media plug-ins 

• Attention to detail and aesthetics 

• Creative ideas for future developments 

5. Professionalism: 

• Ability to understand and complete tasks quickly 

• Capacity to provide accurate estimates of the amount of time required for tasks assigned and to bill accurately for services rendered. 

To apply for the position, please send a cover letter and CV to Johan Lorenzen (johan@naturaljustice.org) and Holly Shrumm (holly@naturaljustice.org).

New IUCN-CEESP Newsletter

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy’s (IUCN-CEESP) latest newsletter was released in May. The newsletter reports on the activities of IUCN-CEESP’s members and partners from around the world and also includes policy articles and reports.

The comments from the Chairperson, Aroha Te Pareake Mead, focus on preparations for the upcoming Rio +20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development. The newsletter also spotlights events ICUN-CEESP is hosting during the conference. Updates include preparations for the World Conservation Congress and the International Indigenous Development Research Conference and a report back from the Planet Under Pressure conference. Articles consider possible indicators for REDD+ impact on indigenous and local communities, the beneficiaries of international land deals, and case studies on participatory environmental governance. The newsletter also highlights Natural Justice’s ‘Biocultural Community Protocols: Toolkit for Community Facilitators.’ 

The full newsletter can be found here.

Community Meeting in Bwabata Park, Namibia

Through its African Biocultural Community Protocol (BCP) Initiative, Natural Justice travelled to the Bwabwata National Park in West Kaprivi, Namibia during the week of 7th May to meet with residents. Proclaimed a national park in 2007, Bwabwata is the largest of the five protected areas in northeastern Namibia and is bordered to the north by Angola and the south by Botswana. Bwabwata consists of high number of large mammals that are both rare and of important economic value. The grasslands provide habitat for roan, sable and tsessebe along with an important bird habitat. Bwabwata has three core areas designated for special protection and controlled tourism. It also has a large multiple use area zoned for community-based tourism, trophy hunting, human settlement and development by the residents of the community. The Bwabawata resident community is 80% Kwhe. The Kwhe are generally allowed to live sustainably with the environment and natural resources within the park. 

In the absence of current legislation formally recognizing the rights of park residents, the Namibian government does recognize the Karamachan Association as the ‘appropriate representative body for the community of residents of the Bwabwata within the context of tourism development and natural resource management involving the community’. 

In collaboration with locally based NGO Integrated Rural Development and Nature Conservation (IRDNC) and the Karamachan Association, Natural Justice held consultations over two days with community members in which representation in the park, loss of culture and traditional knowledge, possible livelihood projects including access and benefit sharing, and the community’s vision for the future were all discussed. Natural Justice will continue to work with the community, Karamachan Association and IRDNC to assist in the development of a Bwabwata National Park residents BCP, which they hope to use to address some of their concerns and support their vision for the future.

Wapichan Map 1.4 Million Hectares

Photo from www.forestpeoples.org

In a bid to protect over 1.4 million hectares of community land, the Wapichan community of Guyana have produced a digital map of their territories. The mapping project, carried out over the past ten years using GPS technology to plot key community sites, covers a diverse array of ecosystems and will support the community to establish the community’s rights to its land. 

Kid James described the aim of the mapping, “once ownership rights are secured there is potential for economic benefit as there are some development actions, such as ecotourism and non-timber extractive reserves, identified for different parts of the area.” The map was finalised through multiple validation meetings with community members and communities who neighbour the Wapichan over five years. 

Read more about the mapping process through Alert Net here and through the Forest Peoples Programme here.

Natural Justice Prepares for the Ashoka Globalizer

As part of the Ashoka Globalizer, Harry Jonas (Natural Justice) met with Rizwan Tayabali (pictured) for two days to further develop Natural Justice's scaling strategy. The Ashoka Globalizer is focusing on Rural Innovation and Farming in 2012, and brings together a range of Ashoka Fellows at the Summit in June to discuss respective scaling strategies and to expose Fellows to leading social entrepreneurs for one-on-one advice sessions. The programme is intended to enable Ashoka Fellows to leverage a range of opportunities to scale their associated ideas and organizations. Rizwan Tayabali is a business and management consultant who spent two years working with a range of social enterprises across the world and is now providing advice to, among others, Natural Justice. Harry thanks Rizwan and his wife Angelina for their hospitality while in Kuala Lumpur.

Indigenous Peoples Conservation Spotlighted in Jakarta Globe

A recent article in the Jakarta Globe documented the incredible conservation that the Indigenous Peoples of Indonesia engage in through their way of being. Rizal Mahfud described his Ngata Toro community of Central Sulawesi as having “had our own ways to protect the forests for hundreds of years...we don’t need any government programs. We just need to develop [our own].” 

The article also notes the work of the Iban Dayak community who have maintained a quota system for logging in their area since 1819 and mapped their forest zones. The article emphasises that what communities need is increased recognition of their rights to inhabit and conserve their traditional areas over funding. 

Read the full article here.